Humanoid Robots in Production: 3 Proven and 6 Unverified

Search for humanoid robots in production and humanoid deployment figures and you will find confident numbers. Tesla has passed 50,000 cumulative Optimus units. Figure has surpassed 10,000 deployments. More than a thousand robots work Tesla’s lines today.

None of those figures come from the companies they describe.

This is the central problem with tracking humanoid robots in production. The sector runs on announcements, and announcements use four words interchangeably that mean very different things: ordered, shipped, deployed, and productive.

A robot can be ordered and never built. Built and never shipped. Shipped and sit in a lab. Deployed and still be a pilot that ends in six months.

The numbers that survive scrutiny are much smaller than the headlines. Global shipments in 2025 landed somewhere around 16,000–18,000 units, with Chinese manufacturers accounting for roughly 90% of volume. Estimated active commercial deployments — robots doing productive work rather than R&D — sit closer to 3,000–4,000 worldwide.

That gap is not a rounding error. It is the difference between an industry and a demo reel.

Key Takeaways

• Roughly 16,000–18,000 humanoid units shipped globally in 2025. Fewer than an estimated 3,000–4,000 are doing productive commercial work. The gap between those two numbers is the story.
• Agility holds the deepest verified record: 65,000+ operating hours across nine customer facilities, disclosed in SEC filings rather than a press release.
• Figure’s BMW deployment is the most granular public disclosure in the sector — runtime, part counts, shift pattern and failure points all published.
• Tesla has never published an Optimus production count. Every circulating unit figure traces back to third-party estimates, not the company.
• Chinese makers dominate volume, but more than 70% of Unitree’s humanoid revenue through Q3 2025 came from research and education buyers, not factories.

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The Verification Standard for Humanoid Robots in Production

Every entry in this tracker is graded against four tests. This is what separates a deployment from an announcement.

A named customer. “A leading automotive manufacturer” does not count. The customer has to be identified.

An integrated workflow. The robot performs a task inside an existing production process, not a staged demonstration beside it.

A recurring schedule. Shift patterns, operating hours, or throughput figures. Something that implies continuity.

A transaction. Money moves. A RaaS contract, a purchase order, or a disclosed commercial agreement.

Entries meeting all four are marked Verified. Entries meeting two or three are Pilot. Entries resting on a press release with no operating data are Announced.

Company-reported metrics are labeled as such throughout. Nobody in this sector submits to independent audit of deployment counts, so “verified” here means documented and specific, not third-party attested.

Humanoid Robots in Production: The Master Tracker

Company	Robot	Named customer	Scale evidence	Revenue model	Status	Verified
Agility	Digit	GXO, Schaeffler, Toyota Canada, Mercado Libre, Amazon	65,000+ hrs, 9 facilities; 100,000+ totes at GXO	RaaS (~$8,500/mo modelled)	Verified	Aug 2026
Figure AI	Figure 03	BMW (Spartanburg)	Figure 02: 1,250+ hrs, 90,000+ parts, 30,000+ vehicles	Commercial agreement	Verified	Jun 2026
UBTech	Walker S2	BYD, Geely, FAW-VW, Audi FAW, Foxconn	1,000th unit delivered; ¥800M+ orders	Direct purchase	Verified	Aug 2026
Apptronik	Apollo 2	Mercedes-Benz, GXO, Jabil	No published operating metrics	Enterprise pilot, quote-only	Pilot	Jun 2026
Boston Dynamics	Atlas	Hyundai RMAC, Google DeepMind	2026 output committed; HMGMA production 2028	Undisclosed	Announced	Jul 2026
Tesla	Optimus V3	Internal only (Optimus Academy)	No company-published count	None external	Pre-production	Aug 2026
Unitree	G1 / H2	Research, education, light industry	5,500+ shipped 2025	Direct purchase, $13,500 up	Verified (non-factory)	Aug 2026
AgiBot	A2	Mixed	10,000th unit Mar 2026	Direct purchase	Verified (mixed)	Jul 2026
1X	NEO	Preorder; EQT portfolio agreement	No verified customer deliveries	$20,000 or $499/mo	Announced	Jul 2026

Read the status column before the scale column. A large number in an unverified row tells you less than a small number in a verified one.

Agility Digit: Humanoid Robots in Production at GXO and Toyota

Agility does not have the most advanced robot or the largest funding round. It has the longest paper trail, and in this sector that is the rarer asset.

Digit has accumulated more than 65,000 operating hours through commitments across nine customer facilities. That figure appears in SEC filings connected to the company’s SPAC merger, which makes it materially different from a marketing claim.

GXO signed the industry’s first multi-year humanoid RaaS agreement in June 2024, deploying Digit at a Spanx fulfillment centre in Flowery Branch, Georgia. By November 2025, Digit had moved more than 100,000 totes at that site.

Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada converted a year-long pilot into a commercial agreement in February 2026 covering seven Digit units at its Woodstock, Ontario RAV4 plant. Schaeffler — also a minority investor — has run daily factory shifts at Cheraw, South Carolina. Mercado Libre began deploying at San Antonio in late 2025.

The honest caveat: the GXO milestone happened at a single site. No second GXO facility is publicly verified. Depth is not the same as breadth.

On pricing, one number gets misquoted constantly. Agility’s June 2026 investor deck models RaaS at roughly $8,500 per robot per month, about $100,000 a year. The widely circulated “$30 an hour” is the fully burdened human labour comparator, not Digit’s rental price.

Figure AI: Humanoid Robots in Production at BMW

Figure’s Spartanburg programme produced the most detailed public disclosure any humanoid company has published.

The Figure 02 deployment ran 11 months at BMW Group Plant Spartanburg. The robot inserted sheet-metal components for welding in the body shop, supporting production of more than 30,000 BMW X3 vehicles. Published metrics include more than 1,250 hours of runtime, more than 90,000 parts handled, and 10-hour shifts Monday through Friday.

Figure also disclosed its failure points, which is unusual. The forearm was the top hardware failure, attributed to tight packaging, dexterity demands and thermal constraints. Figure 03 redesigned the wrist electronics in response.

In June 2026, BMW moved Figure 03 onto logistics sequencing at the same plant — picking components from unsorted containers into sequencing trolleys for just-in-sequence delivery. BMW’s own press release confirms it.

On manufacturing capacity: BotQ’s first-generation line is rated for up to 12,000 units annually, with a stated four-year goal of 100,000 units. Figure has reported more than 350 Figure 03 units delivered.

Treat capacity ratings and delivery counts as different categories. One is what a factory could build; the other is what left the building.

Tesla Optimus: Scale Ambition Without a Public Count

Among companies pursuing humanoid robots in production, Tesla has the loudest narrative and the thinnest verification record. Both are true simultaneously.

The facts that hold up: Model S and X production ended at Fremont in early May 2026 after a combined 750,000 vehicles. The line was decommissioned over roughly 46 days and converted to Optimus manufacturing. Musk guided V3 production to begin in late July or August 2026.

Critically, Tesla stated that initial units go to an internal programme — the Optimus Academy — rather than external customers. Musk has called Optimus “the hardest product to scale that we’ve ever had at Tesla,” citing an entirely new supply chain and roughly 10,000 unique parts.

What does not hold up: any specific unit count. Tesla has never published an Optimus production figure, audited or otherwise. Claims that 1,000+ Gen 3 units are working Tesla lines appear widely across aggregator sites and trace to no company disclosure.

The stated targets are a run rate of 1 million units annually at Fremont and 10 million at Gigafactory Texas by 2027. For scale, Tesla builds roughly 1.8 million cars a year. Treat those figures as ambition, not forecast.

Boston Dynamics Atlas: Humanoid Robots in Production From 2028

Atlas entered manufacturing in January 2026, and its entire 2026 output is already committed — to Hyundai’s Robotics Metaplant Application Center and to Google DeepMind, which is developing foundation models for it. Additional customers are planned from 2027.

A committed shipment is not a completed deployment. Hyundai says production parts-sequencing at Metaplant America begins in 2028, with Kia’s Georgia plant following in 2029.

Hyundai targets 30,000 Atlas units annually by 2028 from a new facility near Savannah, Georgia, and has made an internal commitment covering roughly 25,000 of them. That means Hyundai absorbs most of its own output before external customers see units.

One factor most trackers omit: the Hyundai Motor branch of the Korean Metal Workers’ Union declared in January 2026 that Atlas will not enter Hyundai factories without a labour-management agreement. Labour negotiation is a deployment gate, not a footnote.

Published specifications are 1.9 m, 90 kg, 56 degrees of freedom, and up to 50 kg instantaneous payload. Boston Dynamics has not published a price or opened ordering.

Apptronik Apollo: Pilots Labelled as Commercial

Apptronik is among the best-funded companies working on humanoid robots in production, having raised roughly $1 billion, including $520 million in February 2026, at a reported valuation near $5 billion. Google DeepMind is both AI partner and investor.

Apollo runs at Mercedes-Benz — initially at the Digital Factory Campus in Berlin-Marienfelde, on internal logistics tasks — plus GXO and Jabil.

Here is the distinction that matters: every known Apollo deployment is a pilot or data-collection programme, and no customer has published Apollo performance metrics. Some press releases use the phrase “commercial agreement,” which is accurate contractually and misleading operationally.

Apollo 2, unveiled June 2026, is explicitly a training and data platform. Apptronik describes the upcoming Apollo 3 as its first true commercial product, pointed at 2027.

On price, the frequently cited $50,000 is a 2023 at-scale target, not a current cost. Apollo has no public price and cannot be ordered.

UBTech: Humanoid Robots in Production Across Chinese Factories

UBTech has the strongest claim to industrial humanoid volume outside the research market. The company delivered its 1,000th Walker S2 unit from its Liuzhou facility, with Walker series orders exceeding ¥800 million (roughly $112 million) since early 2025.

The customer list is genuinely industrial: BYD, Geely, FAW-Volkswagen Qingdao, Audi FAW, BAIC New Energy, Foxconn and SF Express. Walker S2’s autonomous hot-swap battery — a roughly three-minute self-change — is a real engineering answer to multi-shift operation.

Capacity targets are 5,000 units annually in 2026, scaling to 10,000 in 2027.

The counter-signal: UBTech ranked third in production but fourth in shipments in MIR’s rankings, a pattern that typically indicates inventory buildup or delivery delay. The stock fell roughly 35% across 2026 despite the operational milestones. Investors are pricing something the press releases are not.

Unitree, AgiBot and the Revenue Mix Problem

Unitree ships more humanoid robots in production volume than any rival, moving more than 5,500 units in 2025, around 32.4% of global share, and priced its Shanghai STAR Market IPO in August 2026 at 150.80 yuan per share — roughly $904 million raised at about $9 billion valuation.

Then read the revenue mix. Through Q3 2025, more than 70% of Unitree’s humanoid revenue came from research and education customers. Industrial applications accounted for roughly 9%.

Most of those shipped robots never entered factory work. They entered labs.

Q1 2026 revenue rose 68.49% year over year to 420 million yuan, while adjusted net profit fell 52.55% on higher research spending. Growth and margin are moving in opposite directions.

AgiBot rolled out its 10,000th humanoid in March 2026 and led H1 2026 shipments by some counts. Omdia ranked it first for 2025 at 5,168 units, a ranking Unitree disputes.

Chinese output projections for 2026 exceed 100,000 units per MIIT. Apply the same shipped-versus-productive discount to that number as to every other in this article.

1X NEO: Humanoid Robots in Production for the Home

The home humanoid is the category with the largest gap between marketing and delivery.

1X opened NEO preorders at $20,000 outright or $499 per month with a $200 refundable deposit. Its Hayward factory opened 30 April 2026, with customer shipments promised by end of 2026. As of July 2026, no customer deliveries had been verified.

1X also signed an agreement with investor EQT covering up to 10,000 NEO units to portfolio companies between 2026 and 2030 — which quietly repositions a consumer robot toward industrial buyers.

One point buyers should understand: early home humanoids may rely on scheduled remote teleoperation for difficult tasks. That is a legitimate product design, but it is not autonomy, and pricing pages rarely make the distinction clear.

What Revenue Models Reveal About Humanoid Robots in Production

Follow the business model and the maturity ranking sorts itself out.

RaaS signals confidence. Agility rents Digit per robot per month. That only works if uptime is real, because the vendor carries the reliability risk. It is not coincidence that the RaaS leader also has the deepest hours record.

Quote-only pricing signals pilots. Apptronik, Boston Dynamics and Agility publish no list price. For Agility this reflects a rental model; for the others it reflects a product not yet standardized enough to price.

Published low prices signal a different market. Unitree’s $13,500 G1 is real and orderable. It is also mostly selling into research, which is a legitimate business but not factory automation.

No price and no external customer signals pre-production. That is Tesla today, whatever the run-rate targets say.

Two structural factors sit above all of this. ISO 25785-1, the first safety standard specifically for dynamically stable walking robots, is still under development with publication expected 2026 or 2027 at the earliest. And the American Security Robotics Act, introduced March 2026, would bar federal use of robots from foreign adversaries, naming Chinese makers in sponsor statements.

The shakeout has also begun. K-Scale Labs shut down in November 2025, Cartwheel Robotics in February 2026, and Sanctuary AI pivoted away from hardware in June 2026.

For readers tracking the capital side of this, our breakdown of the $39B humanoid robot funding race covers how valuations diverged from deployment records. The compute economics underneath these robots are covered in the AI compute stack, and unfamiliar terminology is defined in the AI glossary.

Signals to Watch Before the Next Update

Four developments would change the humanoid robots in production picture materially.

A verified second site. Any vendor proving the same deployment twice at different facilities moves from case study to product.

Tesla publishing a number. A disclosed Optimus count in an earnings filing would resolve the sector’s single largest information gap.

Atlas hours. Boston Dynamics has industry-leading hardware specs and no published operating hours. That asymmetry cannot last through 2027.

Chinese industrial revenue share. If Unitree’s factory-application share moves from 9% toward 30%, the volume story becomes a deployment story.

This tracker updates monthly. Corrections with a primary source are welcome and will be reflected with attribution.

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